After intense studies in different regions and interaction with the affected people, the campaign for the protection of water resources, tamil nadu has identified 15 adverse consequences of sand mining. Sand mining has essentially affected the downdrift west end of the beach which comprises successive spit recurves ending at the mouth of the suriname river. Crystalline silica toxicological summary sheet pdf a summary of health based values for crystalline silica in ambient air. Impact of river sand mining on environment by dulanjali m.
Study of sand mining and related environmental problems along. Among the different types of human interventions, mining of sand and gravel is the most disastrous one, as the activity threatens the very existence of river ecosystems. The hidden social and environmental costs of sand mining. Sand mining environmental impacts and selected case studies. Water level mining had minimal impact on aquifer water levels. Strategic assessment of the magnitude and impacts of sand.
The aim of the study was to assess the consequences of sand mining activities on soil erosion, vegetation clearance and landslide levels in the o. The environmental impact of sand mining student officer. Mining in these areas has a much smaller impact on the current coastal erosion problem, and is thus where sand is often mined on a larger, legal scale. The extraction of sand from the riverbed may affect their survival and recruitment ability14. The sand mining has several impacts on the river environment. A narrower range of cn ratio was found in the one to sixyearold dumps as compared to the nine to ten yearold dumps. Department of environmental affairs, 2014, environmental impact assessment and management strategy for south africa draft. River environment impact of sand mining sand is vital for sustenance of rivers. The negative social and political impact, the authors note, tends to be felt among poorer communities near, or downstream from, sand mining operations.
Emotion and opinion, rather than technical facts and scientific data, tend to dominate the discussion. Silica sand mining has minimal environmental impact, involves virtually no public health risk, and is an important part of domestic energy production that has substantial economic benefits. Social impacts of industrial silica sand frac sand. Low ph between 23, high electrical conductivity, high concentration of ions of sulphate and iron and toxic. Sand mining various environments is presented below. In zanzibar the control, maintenance, and management of nonrenewable natural. How sand mining impacts ecosystem india water portal. Humans have derived multifarious benefits from the rivers.
Rapid development of mining through out the world, with the galloping advances in science and technology is changing the shape of our planet giving rise to fundamental transformation of the environment in which water resources play crucial roles. Copy of environmental impact of soil and sand mining. Mankind started mining for precious metals between 20,000 and 40,000 years ago. Moreover, lack of adequate information on the environmental impact of river sand mining is a major lacuna challenging regulatory efforts in many developing countries. Pdf the effects of sand mining on rural communities researchgate. As a worldwide economic activity, pit and river sand mining and gravel extraction has both positive and negative impacts to the environment. There is an appreciable and adagio impact of mining on ground and surface waters. Land reclamation is gradually posing negative impact on man due to unplanned urbanization. The physical and environmental impacts of sand mining article pdf available in transactions of the royal society of south africa august 2016 with 5,849 reads how we measure reads. In this study we assess the impact of sand mining in poyang lake, where dredging began in 2001 after sand mining in the yangtze river had been banned.
Mngeni and others published the effects of sand mining on rural communities find, read and cite all the research. Humans race have always had a strong bonding with the rivers. Some of the impacts of sand mining on biological environment are presented here. Impacts of sand mining envis centre on environmental. Common varieties of sand, stone, gravel and other rocks are considered salable minerals. Positive and negative effects of mining positive negative. Per definition, sand mining is the application in which sand is extracted through. Environmental impacts of industrial silica sand frac sand. Study of sand mining and related environmental problems. Irresponsible sand mining has and will continue to cause a variety of impacts, which include river bank erosion, river bed degradation, river buffer zone encroachment and deterioration of river water quality. The impact and effect of illegal mining galamsey towards.
Effects of sand harvesting on environment and educational. Pdf environmental impact of sand mining in tamiraparani. Pollution of the water is evident by the colouration of water which in most of the rivers and streams in the mining area varies from brownish to reddish orange. Table 1 summarizes some of the impacts that are observed. Jul 24, 2009 planning for the extraction of aggregates is typically dealt with at a case to case basis, without assessing environmental impacts strategically. This book addresses most of the environmental impacts of sand mining from small rivers the problems and solutions addressed in this book are applicable to all rivers that drain through densely populated tropical coasts undergoing rapid economic growth. Sand mining management and regulation of the industry is well known. Health impact assessment hia is a process that could lead to a more complete evaluation of all of the risks associated with the frac sand mining process. Satellite images from 1995 and 20 show the impact of sand mining on the waterway connecting chinas poyang lake and the yangtze river. A case study of kenyasi in the brong ahafo region adjei samuel1, n. President introduction per definition, sand mining is the application in which sand is extracted through an open pit, other practices could include the extraction of sand from ocean or river beds. Sand mining is thus a lucrative business and fuels illegal extraction.
These conditions, and the rarity of currently active cheniers, signify relatively fragile beach systems that have been strongly impacted by sand mining. Ten waters 8 surface and 2 groundwater sources, 10 soil samples and air were collected and taken for analysis. Aug 24, 2018 other impacts are hard to directly link to sand mining since rivers are affected by so many different factors, including dams, but it is clear that by sucking too much sediment out of the worlds rivers, unsustainable sand mining will contribute to bank erosion and shrinking, sinking deltas with the loss of agriculture land, houses and. Natural aggregate crushed stone, sand, and gravel is a vital part of our economic infrastructure. Environmental impact of sand mining in tamiraparani river, south tamilnadu conference paper pdf available april 2015 with 2,896 reads how we measure reads. For the last century, mining has been one of our planets largest industries it generated 683 billion dollars in revenue in 2018 alone this only underscores the fact that our desire for precious metals and minerals has grown exponentially since we first started digging through the topsoil. This book addresses most of the environmental impacts of sand mining from. Nasa earth observatory by removing so much sand, the miners have almost doubled the waterways capacity, partially draining the lake and making it more vulnerable to drought. The hidden environmental toll of mining the worlds sand. A better understanding of sand budgets is necessary if the problems of river and coastal environments are to be solved. Planning for the extraction of aggregates is typically dealt with at a case to case basis, without assessing environmental impacts strategically. Impacts include increased shortterm turbidity at the mining site due to resuspension of sediment, sedimentation due to stockpiling and dumping of excess mining materials and organic particulate matter, and oil spills or leakage from excavation machinery and.
Sand mining also adds to the water pollution problems in the rivers, especially in the urbanized areas. Environmental effects of sand and gravel mining on land and soil in luku, minna, niger state, north central nigeria. Social impacts of industrial silica sand frac sand mining. The volume being extracted is having a major impact on rivers, deltas and coastal and marine ecosystems, sand mining results in loss of land through river or coastal erosion, lowering of the water table and decreases in the amount of sediment supply. A better understanding of sand budgets is necessary if the problems of river and coastal environments are to. Coastal mining and its influence on coastline stability. Unep the environmental impact of sand mining lemun. Pdf the physical and environmental impacts of sand mining.
Pdf the environmental impact of river sand mining rupesh. The physical and environmental impacts of sand mining. Moreover, it was also reported that the amount was only recorded from 38% of legal mining. Instream sand mining activities will have an impact upon the rivers water quality. In this context, a study has been made as a case to. The impact and effect of illegal mining galamsey towards the socioeconomic development of mining communities. In april 2008 concern over the impact on the biodiversity led to a ban. Therefore, a scientific assessment is a prerequisite in formulating management strategies in the sand mininghit areas. All great civilization has flourished on the river banks. Pdf the aim of the study was to assess the consequences of sand mining activities on soil erosion, vegetation clearance and landslide levels. The social impact of sandmining operations, including their impact on land use, scenic beauty, and property values, can be a sensitive topic. Environmental effects of sand and gravel mining on land and. The recommendations do not necessarily carry the full support of all the sectors represented.
Uncovering sand minings impacts on the worlds rivers wwf. A study was carried out on impact of land reclamation through sand mining of coastal communities in ikate and ilubirin in lagos, nigeria. Many species of trees and shrubs in dry riverbeds are supported by groundwater retained by the river sand at varying depths will disappear. In africa, because of economic pressures and slower evolution of environmental awareness, local communities have been particularly exposed to the detrimental effects of contamination arising from mining. Illegal and unscientific sand mining is turning out to be one of the biggest ecological disasters in modern india. Adetunde2, 1university for development studies, department of mathematics, navrongo. Coal, oil, gas phosphate, potash, sodium, sulphur and other nonmetalliferous minerals are considered leasable minerals. Environmental impact assessment of sand mining from the small.
The focus of the assessment is on the residual impact of coastal mining on the integrity of the coastal sand system as a. Sand mining disturbs and completely remove the habitat from the mined zones. For the last century, mining has been one of our planets largest industries it generated 683 billion dollars in revenue in 2018 alone. There is paucity of information on the impact of sand mining in the limpopo province in. Sand mining environmental impacts and selected case. In april 2008 concern over the impact on the biodiversity led to a ban on sand mining in poyang. By caroline ladlow may 6, 2015 the environmental, economic, and social impacts of sand mining activities were studied at various sites on the island of unguja. After intense studies in different regions and interaction with the affected people, the campaign for the protection of water resources, tamil nadu. Wellhead protection issues related to mining activities pdf. Exposures from sand mining, processing, and handling sand mining and processing generate airborne pm and respirable crystalline silica blast, load, and haul process activities such as crushing shipping and disposal of waste sand occupational exposures miners, transporters common to exceed osha standards for respirable.
If a proposed mining project involves the construction of any access roads, then the environmental impact assessment eia for the project must include a comprehensive assessment of the environmental and social impacts of these roads. Other impacts are hard to directly link to sand mining since rivers are affected by so many different factors, including dams, but it is clear that by sucking too much sediment out of the worlds rivers, unsustainable sand mining will contribute to bank erosion and shrinking, sinking deltas with the loss of agriculture land, houses and. Environmental impact assessment of sand mining from the. The analysis and recommendations of this report do not necessarily reflect the views of the department of environmental affairs. Sand mining is widespread, highly unregulated, uncontrolled and is being carried out at an alarming rate. It is sure that all these activities ultimately end up in the degradation of the rivers. Therefore, a scientific assessment is a prerequisite in formulating management strategies in the sand mining hit areas.
Mining of sand on farms and fallow agricultural land is becoming common and this is having noticeable impacts on the soil structure, vegetation and local wildlife in the rural areas. Impact of sand mining activities on the environmental condition of the komering river, south sumatera. Dec 09, 2019 mankind started mining for precious metals between 20,000 and 40,000 years ago. The focus of the assessment is on the residual impact of coastal mining on the integrity of the coastal sand system as a regulating ecosystem service and an inte. For thousands of years, sand and gravel have been used in the construction of roads and buildings excessive instream sand mining is a threat to bridges, river banks and nearby structures continued extraction sand is an important mineral for our society in protecting the environment the impact on river sand mining on environment w.